Learn How To Install Couch CMS 2.0 on a Fedora 26 LAMP VPS

February 6, 2020

Table of Contents

If you are using a different system, please check our other tutorials.

Couch CMS is a simple and flexible, free and open source Content Management System (CMS) that allows web designers to design beautiful web sites without any knowledge of PHP. With Couch CMS, web developers can take any of their static HTML and CSS only designs and transform them into a fully CMS managed web site with very little effort.

In this tutorial we are going to install Couch CMS 2.0 on a Fedora 26 LAMP VPS using Apache web server, PHP 7.1, and a MariaDB database.

Step 1: Add a Sudo User

We will start by adding a new sudo user.

First, log into your server as root:

ssh root@YOUR_INSTANCE_IP_ADDRESS

And add a new user called user1 (or your preferred username):

useradd user1

Next, set the password for the user1 user:

passwd user1

When prompted, enter a secure and memorable password.

Now check the /etc/sudoers file to make sure that the sudoers group is enabled:

visudo

Look for a section like this:

%wheel        ALL=(ALL)       ALL

And make sure it is uncommented. This line tells us that users who are members of the wheel group can use the sudo command to gain root privileges.

Once you have edited the file, you can save and exit by pressing Esc and then entering :wq to “write” and “quit” the file.

Next we need to add user1 to the wheel group:

usermod -aG wheel user1

We can verify the user1 group membership and check that the usermod command worked with the groups command:

groups user1

Now use the su command to switch to the new sudo user user1 account:

su - user1

The command prompt will update to indicate that you are now logged into the user1 account. You can verify this with the whoami command:

whoami

Now restart the sshd service so that you can login via ssh with the new non-root sudo user account you have just created:

sudo systemctl restart sshd

Exit the user1 account:

exit

And exit the root account (which will disconnect your ssh session)

exit

You can now ssh into the server instance from your local host using the new non-root sudo user user1 account:

ssh user1@YOUR_INSTANCE_IP_ADDRESS

If you want to execute sudo without having to type a password every time, then open the /etc/sudoers file again, using visudo:

sudo visudo

And edit the section for the wheel group so that it looks like this:

%wheel        ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL

Please note: Disabling the password requirement for the sudo user is not a recommended practice, but it is included here as it can make server configuration much more convenient and less frustrating, especially during longer systems administration sessions. If you are concerned about the security implications, you can always revert the configuration change to the original after you finish your administration tasks.

Whenever you want to log into the root user account from within the sudo user account, you can use one of the following commands:

sudo -i
sudo su -

You can exit the root account and return back to your sudo user account any time by simply typing:

exit

Step 2: Update Fedora 26 System

Before installing any packages on the Fedora server instance, we will first update the system.

Make sure you are logged in to the server using a non-root sudo user and run the following command:

sudo dnf -y update

Step 3: Install Apache Web Server

Install the Apache web server with:

sudo dnf -y install httpd

And then use the systemctl command to start and enable Apache to execute automatically at boot time:

sudo systemctl enable httpd
sudo systemctl start httpd

Check your Apache configuration file to ensure that the DocumentRoot directive points to the correct directory: 

sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

The DocumentRoot configuration option should look like this:

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"

Now, let’s make sure that the mod_rewrite Apache module is loaded. We can do this by searching the Apache base modules configuration file for the term “mod_rewrite“.

Open the file with: 

sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-base.conf

And search for the term mod_rewrite.

If the mod_rewrite Apache module is loaded, you should find a configuration line looking like this:

LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so

If the above line starts with a semi-colon, you will need to remove the semi-colon to uncomment the line and load the module. This, of course, applies to any other required Apache modules too.

Now save and close the Apache configuration file.

We will restart Apache at the end of this tutorial, but restarting Apache regularly during installation and configuration is certainly a good habit, so let’s do it now:

sudo systemctl restart httpd

Step 4: Open Web Firewall Ports

We now need to open the default HTTP and HTTPS ports as they will be blocked by firewalld by default.

Open the firewall ports with:

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=443/tcp

And reload the firewall to apply the changes:

sudo firewall-cmd --reload

You should see the word success displayed in your terminal after each successful firewall configuration command.

We can quickly verify that the Apache HTTP port is open by visiting the IP address or domain of the server instance in a browser:

http://YOUR_INSTANCE_IP_ADDRESS/

If everything is set up correctly, you should see the default Apache web page in your browser.

Step 5: Disable SELinux

SELinux stands for “Security Enhanced Linux”. It is a security enhancement to Linux which allows users and administrators more control over access control. It is enabled by default in Fedora 26, but it is definitely not essential for server security as many Linux server distributions do not ship with it installed or enabled by default.

To avoid file permission problems with Couch CMS later down the line, we are going to disable SELinux, for now. So open the SELinux configuration file with your favourite terminal editor:

sudo vi /etc/selinux/config

And change SELINUX=enforcing to SELINUX=disabled, then save the file.

To apply the configuration change, SELinux requires a server reboot, so you can either restart the server using the IT Web Services control panel or you can simply use the shutdown command to cleanly shutdown and restart the server:

sudo shutdown -r now

When the server reboots, your SSH session will get disconnected and you may see a message informing you about a 'broken pipe' or informing you 'Connection closed by remote host'. This is nothing to worry about, simply wait for 20 seconds or so and then SSH back in again (with your own username and domain):

ssh user1@YOUR_DOMAIN

Or (with your own username and IP address):

ssh user1@YOUR_INSTANCE_IP_ADDRESS

Once you have logged back in, you should check the status of SELinux with the sestatus command to make sure it is properly disabled:

sudo sestatus

You should see a message saying SELinux status: disabled. If you see a message saying SELinux status: enabled (or something similar) you will need to repeat the above steps and ensure that you properly restart your server.

Step 6: Install PHP 7.1

We can now install PHP 7.1 along with all of the necessary PHP modules required by Couch CMS:

sudo dnf -y install php php-mysqlnd php-mbstring php-gd

Step 7: Install MariaDB (MySQL) Server

Fedora 26 defaults to using MariaDB database server, which is an enhanced, fully open source, community developed, drop-in replacement for MySQL server.

Install MariaDB database server with:

sudo dnf -y install mariadb-server

Start and enable MariaDB server to execute automatically at boot time:

sudo systemctl enable mariadb
sudo systemctl start mariadb

And secure your MariaDB server installation with:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

The root password will probably be blank, so simply hit “Enter” when prompted for the root password.

When prompted to create a MariaDB/MySQL root user, select “Y” (for yes) and then enter a secure root password. Simply answer “Y” to all of the other yes/no questions as the default suggestions are the most secure options.

Step 8: Create Database for Couch CMS

Log into the MariaDB shell as the MariaDB root user by running the following command:

sudo mysql -u root -p

To access the MariaDB command prompt, simply enter the MariaDB root password when prompted.

Run the following queries to create a MariaDB database and database user for Couch CMS:

CREATE DATABASE couch_db CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE USER 'couch_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'UltraSecurePassword';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON couch_db.* TO 'couch_user'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

You can replace the database name couch_db and username couch_user with something more to your liking, if you prefer. Also, make sure that you replace “UltraSecurePassword” with an actually secure password.

Step 9: Install Couch CMS Files

Change your current working directory to the default web directory:

cd /var/www/html/

If you get an error message saying something like 'No such file or directory' then try the following command:

cd /var/www/ ; sudo mkdir html ; cd html

Your current working directory should now be: /var/www/html/. You can check this with the pwd (print working directory) command:

pwd

Now use wget to download the Couch CMS installation zip archive:

sudo wget https://www.couchcms.com/kachua/download.php?auth=agJmBvEk%2FIM8aSh4XkqV5fbIxR4ghkd6Gy%2F8eL4nFCUpzoFYvddT%7CbKoInr8INleUFM9lPDT05r0dEfTqzuhb%7C0%7C0%7C0%7C1%7Cbccc27bd8eade8876d3f486bac1f4ca9

Please note: You should definitely check for the most recent version by visiting the Couch CMS download page.

List the current directory to check that you have successfully downloaded the file:

ls -la

Let’s give the zip file a simpler name:

sudo mv download.php* couchcms.zip

And now uncompress the zip file:

sudo unzip couchcms.zip

Now move all of the installation files to the web root directory:

sudo mv ./CouchCMS-2.0/* /var/www/html

And change ownership of the web files to avoid any permissions problems:

sudo chown -R apache:apache *

Let’s restart Apache again.

sudo systemctl restart httpd

We’re now ready to move on to the final step.

Step 10: Complete Couch CMS Installation

To complete the Couch CMS installation, we need to edit the Couch CMS config file, so first make sure you are in the webroot and then rename the config file:

sudo mv ./couch/config.example.php ./couch/config.php

Next, open the config.php file:

sudo vi ./couch/config.php

And add the following values:

define( 'K_GMT_OFFSET', 0 );
define( 'K_DB_NAME', 'couch_db' );
define( 'K_DB_USER', 'couch_user' );
define( 'K_DB_PASSWORD', 'UltraSecurePassword' );
define( 'K_DB_HOST', 'localhost' );
define( 'K_PRETTY_URLS', 1 );
define( 'K_USE_CACHE', 1 );
define( 'K_EMAIL_TO', 'youremail@yourdomain.com' );
define( 'K_EMAIL_FROM', 'contact@yourdomain.com' );

Once you have added the appropriate configuration values you can save and exit.

The final steps of the Couch CMS installation are really simple.

First visit the Couch CMS installation page in your browser:

http://YOUR_INSTANCE_IP_ADDRESS/couch

Or if you’ve already configured your IT Web Services DNS settings (and given it enough time to propagate) you can simply visit your domain instead:

http://YOUR_DOMAIN/couch

Simply enter the following details on the installation page:

Super-Admin Username: admin (or your preferred username)
Email: <your email address>
Password: <your preferred password>

And then click the Install button.

If the installation was successful, you should see a confirmation page that says Log in. Simply click Log in to continue.

You can now login to your Couch CMS admin panel.

If you haven’t already set up your IT Web Services DNS, that should probably be your next step.

You are now ready to start adding content and configuring the look of your site. Be sure to check out the excellent Couch CMS documentation for more information about how to configure Couch CMS.

Remember that Couch CMS allows you to take your old HTML and CSS web sites and easily change them into fully managed CMS sites that even non-technical users can update for themselves. Unlike most other CMSes, Couch CMS allows you to convert your HTML sites without any server-side programming.

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